The United Kingdom is a monarchical (君主政体的) State. It is one of the independent members of the Commonwealth (the Queen is recognized as head of the Commonwealth), and a member of the European Community.
（大不列颠）联合王国是群主立宪制国家，是英联邦的独立国家之一（女王被认作英联邦的首脑），是欧洲共同体的成员国。

The origins and traditions of the United Kingdom are to be found in each of the four parts that make up the country: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England was united as a kingdom a thousand years ago, and Wales became part of the kingdom during the middle ages. The thrones (王位) of England and Scotland were united in 1603, and in 1707 legislation passed in the two countries provided for the establishment of a single Parliament of Great Britain with supreme authority both in England and Wales and in Scotland. Ireland had had links with the kingdom of England since the thirteenth century, and in 1800 the creation of the United Kingdom was completed by a union joining the Irish Parliament to that of Great Britain. In 1922 Southern Ireland (now the Irish Republic) became a self-governing country. The six counties of Northern Ireland had in 1920 been given their own subordinate Parliament, and voted to remain within the United Kingdom.
（大不列颠）联合王国的起源和传统可以在其四个组成部分找到：英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰。英格兰早在一千年前就是一个统一的王国，威尔士是在中世纪成为这个王国的一部分。英格兰和苏格兰的王位统一是在1603年，1707年两国立法通过，规定设立一个单一的、在英格兰和威尔士、以及在苏格兰均享有最高权力的大不列颠国会。爱尔兰从13世纪起跟英格兰王国有联系，1800年爱尔兰国会并入大不列颠，宣告（大不列颠）联合王国建立。1922年南爱尔兰（现在的爱尔兰共和国）成为自主的国家。1920年北爱尔兰的6个郡被授予成立了自己的、附属（大不列颠）联合王国国会之下的议会，并投票表决留在（大不列颠）联合王国。

The United Kingdom Parliament at Westminster in London — with an elected chamber comprising members from English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland constituencies (选举区) — therefore represents people sharing very varied backgrounds and traditions. It has ultimate authority for government and law-making, but administrative arrangements have developed in such a way as to take account of the particular needs of different areas.
（大不列颠）联合王国议会位于伦敦的威斯敏斯特——有一个选举出来的、由包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰选区所产生的议员组成的议院——因此代表具有非常多样背景和传统的人民。它具有最高政府权和立法权，但是为了照顾不同地区的特许需求，行政安排有所不同。

England and Wales on the one hand and Scotland on the other have different systems of law, different court systems, different education systems, different systems of local government and, for most domestic matters, different government departments.
英格兰和威尔士是一个系统，苏格兰是另一个系统。在法律、法院、教育、地方管理方面都不相同，在大多数国内事务上，拥有不同的管理部门。

这本书讲了20世纪非常经典的10个实验，各成一章。作者用非常灵动的手法，由浅入深地描述了实验的整个过程及其影响。特别生动有趣的是作者加入了自己对实验相关人的采访片段，身临其境的讲述实验故事和感悟，娓娓道来，畅汗淋漓。

这本书应证着我对于心理学一贯的态度，高度抽取事实，得出一般的规律。其中的很多实验理论和结论，已经在平时的生活中知道或是学到。但是究其根本，知道其源头、其最初的样子，不失为有趣和深入的学习过程。心理学与其他科学，哲学、生理学、物理学等的千丝万缕的关系，既是其难以独立、被认为是伪科学的“佐证”，更是其意义深远而显著之证明。既触及日常生活之琐碎，又高深莫测于宇宙。妙哉！

He never heard a thing!
Working at the post office, I’m used to dealing with a moody public. So when one irate customer stormed my desk, I responded in my calmest voice,”What’s the trouble?”
“I went out this morning,” she began, “and when I came home I found a card saying the mailman tried to deliver a package but no one was home. My husband was in all morning. He never heard a thing!”
After apologizing, I got her parcel. “Oh, good,” she gushed. “We’ve been waiting for this for ages.”
“What is it?” I asked.
“My husband’s new hearing aid.”
他什么都没听到！
我在邮局工作，早已习惯了客户的各种情绪。一天当一位恼怒的客户气冲冲地来到我的工作台，我还是用非常平静的声音问道，“什么事？”
“我早上外出了，”她开始说道，“等我回来的时候，我发现一个卡片，说是邮递员来送包裹，但是没人在家。我老公一上午都在家，但是他什么都没有听到。”
道完歉后，我递给她那个包裹。“噢，太好了”，她滔滔不绝地说，“我们已经等了它好多年！”
“是什么好东西？”我问。
“我老公的新助听器。”

Have You Ceased Beating Your Wife?
This story is told of a browbeating counsel, who habitually endeavored to terrorize his opponent’s witnesses.
One witness rather tended to preface his replies with lengthy explanations.
“I want ‘yes’ or ‘no’”, thundered counsel, “There is no need for you to argue the point!”
“But there are some questions which cannot be answered by ‘yes’ or ‘no’”, mildly responded the witness.
“There are not!” snapped the lawyer.
“Oh,” said the witness, “answer this then: Have you ceased beating your wife?”
你已经停止打你老婆了吗？
这个故事讲的是一个咄咄逼人的律师，他习惯于尽量恐吓对方证人。
一次一个证人回答问题时，倾向于铺垫冗长的解释。
“我想要听到‘是’或者‘不是’”，这个律师吼道，“你没有必要就这个问题辩论！”
“但是有些问题，是无法用‘是’或者‘不是’来回答的”，证人温柔地回答道。
“不存在这样的问题！”律师吼道。
“噢，”证人说道，“那么回答这个问题：你已经停止打你老婆了吗？”

Headstone “Strange”
A lawyer named Strange was shopping for a tombstone. After he had made his selection, the stonecutter asked him what inscription he would like on it. “Here lies a honest man and a lawyer,” responded the lawyer. “Sorry, but I can’t do that,” replied the stonecutter. “In this state, it’s against the law to bury two people in the same grave. However I could put ‘here lies an honest lawyer’.” “But that won’t let people know who it is!” protested the lawyer. “Certainly will,” retorted the stonecutter. “people will read it and exclaim,’That’s Strange!’”
“奇怪”墓碑
一位名为奇怪的律师在选购一块墓碑。选好后，雕刻匠问他想要刻上什么碑文。“这里长眠着一位诚实的人，一位律师，”律师回答道。“对不起我不能这么做，”雕刻匠说，“在这个州，一个墓埋葬两个人是违法的。不过，我可以刻上：‘这里长眠着一位诚实的律师’。” “但是这样没法让人们知道这里埋葬着谁！”律师抗议道。“当然知道啦，”雕刻匠反驳道，“人们看到后会大声惊呼，‘咦？奇怪！’”

Is He Really Ill?
On a hot summer day an elderly gentleman faints in the street. A small crowd immediately gathers around him.
“Give the poor man a glass of brandy,” advises a woman. “Give him a heart message,” says someone else.
“No, just give hime some brandy,” insists the woman. “Call an ambulance,” yells another person.
“A brandy!” The man suddenly sits up and exclaims. “Shut up, everybody, and do as the kind lay says!”
他真的病倒了吗？
一个炎热的夏日，一位年迈的绅士晕倒在街头。一小群人立刻围了上去。
“给这位可怜的人一杯白兰地吧。”一位女士建议道。“给他做一个心脏按压。”另一位说道。
“不，还是给他一些白兰地。”那位女士坚持说。“还是叫救护车吧。”有人喊道。
“一杯白兰地！”老人突然坐了起来并大声喊道，“都闭嘴，就按照那位好心的女士说的去做。”

Have His Photo on the Headline
While taking photos of a bear eating fish in the forest, two journalists found the annoyed beast turned around to chase them.
In running, one journalist said to the other:”Can’t run anymore! What should we do?” “No idea. But one of us will have his photo on the headline(tomorrow).” replied his colleague.
要上头条了
两位记者在森林里拍摄熊吃鱼的照片，他们发现这个被打扰的野兽回过头来追赶他们。
一位记者一边逃命一边问另一位，“跑不动了！我们该怎么办？” “我也不知道。不过，我们中的一位将要跟他拍的照片要一起上头条（明天）了。” 他的同事回答道。

1. A Woman Who Fell
   It was rush hour and I was dashing to a train in New York City’s Grand Central Terminal. As I neared the gate, a plump, middle-aged woman sprinted up from behind, lost her footing on the smooth marble floor and slid onto her back. Her momentum carried her close to my shoes. Before I could help her, however, she had scrambled up. Gaining her composure, she winked at me and said, “Do you always have beautiful women falling at your feet?”

上下班高峰期，我奔向纽约大中央车站去赶一趟火车。接近门口，一位丰满的中年妇女从后面冲了过来，没站稳四脚朝天地滑倒在光滑的大理石地面上。她的冲击力使她滑到我的跟前。我正要扶她，却被她抢了先。她故作镇定地朝我眨眨眼，说道，“你经常让漂亮的女士拜倒在你的跟前，是吗？”

1. I Can’t Let Him Get Away
   A male crab met a female crab and asked her to marry him. She noticed that he was walking straight instead of sideways. Wow, she thought, this crab is really special. I can’t let him get away. So they got married immediately.

The next day she noticed her new husband walking sideways like all the other crabs, and got upset. “What happened?” she asked, “You used to walk straight before we were married.”
“Oh, honey,” he replied, “I can’t drink that much every day.”
一只公蟹遇到一只母蟹，便问她可以不可以嫁给他。她注意到他直着走路而不是横着。哇，她想，这只公蟹真是特别，我不可以错过他。所以，他们当即就结婚了。
第二天，她发现她的新婚老公跟其他所有的螃蟹一样也是横着走路了，她很失落。“发生了什么？”她问，“我们结婚之前，你可是直着走路的。”
“噢，亲爱的，”他回答道，“我不能每天都醉成那样。”

1. Three Rats
   Three rats are sitting at the bar talking bragging about their bravery and toughness. The first says,”I’m so tough, once I ate a whole bagful of poison!”

The second says,”Well I’m so tough, once I was caught in a rat trap and I bit it apart!”
Then the third rat gets up and says,”Later guys, I’m off home to harass the cat.”
三只老鼠正坐在酒吧吹嘘着自己的勇敢和强壮。第一只说，“我是如此强壮，我曾经吃掉一整袋老鼠药！”
第二只说，“好吧，我是如此强壮，我曾经被困在老鼠夹里，然而我却咬开了它。”
这时第三只老鼠站了起来说，“伙计们，我一会儿就离开家去骚扰那只猫。”

1. Purpose of the Dog
   A Sunday School helper was delivering a station wagon full of kids home one day when a fire truck zoomed past. Sitting in the front seat of the fire truck was a Dalmation dog. The children began discussing the dog’s duties.

“They use him to keep crowds back,” said one youngster.
“No,” said another,”he’s just for good luck.”
A third child brought the argument to a close. “They use the dogs,” she said firmly,”to find the fire hydrant.”
一个周日学校的工作人员开着一辆载满孩子的车送他们回家。这时一辆消防车开过。消防车前面的座位上坐着一只达尔马提亚狗。孩子们开始讨论这只狗的职责。
“他们用它来隔离人群，” 一个孩子说。
“不，”另一个说，“它只是幸运符。”
第三个孩子的话结束了这场讨论。“他们用这些狗，”她坚定的说，“是为了找到消防栓。”

1. Good News and Bad News
   An artist asked the gallery owner if there had been any interest in his paintings currently on display. “I’ve got good news and bad news,” the owner replied. “The good news is that a gentleman inquired about your work and wondered if it would appreciate in value after your death. When I told him it would, he bought all fifteen of your paintings.”

“That’s wonderful!” the artist exclaimed, “What’s the bad news?” With concern, the gallery owner replied, “The guy was your doctor.”
一位画家问画廊老板，最近是否有人对他展出的画感兴趣。“我有一个好消息和一个坏消息，”老板回答道。“好消息是有一位绅士咨询你的画，他想知道你死后你的画是否会升值。当我告诉他会的，他就把你15幅画全买下了。”
“太棒了！”画家惊叫道，“那坏消息呢？”老板弱弱地回答道，“那个买画的是你的医生。”

1. I’ll Change My Name
   At the age of 16, Edely decided to leave home and join a theater company. His father was appalled, “A son of mine on the stage? It’s a disgrace!” he wailed. “What if the neighbors find out?”

“I’ll change my name,” the comic-to-be volunteered.
“Change your name!” His father screamed. “What if you’re a success? How will the neighbors know it’s my son?”
爱迪利16岁时，决定离开家加入一个剧团。他爸爸很震惊。“我的儿子上舞台？太丢人了！”他大吼道，“邻居们认出来怎么办？”
这位未来的喜剧演员主动提出说，“我会改名字的。”
“改名字！”他爸爸尖叫道，“那你要是成功了，邻居们怎么知道那是我的儿子？”

2.The Composition Class
The students in the composition class were assigned the task of writing an essay on “the most beautiful thing I ever saw”. The student who, of all the members of the class seemed the least sensitive to beauty, handed in his paper first with astonishing speed. It was short and to the point. He had written: “The most beautiful thing I ever saw was too beautiful for words.”
作文课上，学生被布置写一篇文章，关于“你见过最美的东西”。这个班上看上去对美最无感的同学飞快地交了卷。他写得很短但是一针见血。他写道：“我见过最美的东西就是美得无法形容。”

1. New Discovery
   A hillbilly was visiting the big city for the first time. Entering an office building, he saw a pudgy older woman step into a small room. The doors closed, lights flashed, and after a while the door slid open and a beautiful young model stepped off the elevator. Blinking in amazement, the hillbilly drawled, “I should have brought my wife!”

一个乡巴佬第一次来到一个大城市。进入一座办公楼，他看见一个矮胖的老女人步入一个小房间。然后，门关上，灯闪烁。过了一会儿门打（滑）开了，电梯里走出了一位漂亮的年轻模特。乡巴佬惊奇地眨了下眼睛，喃喃自语道：“我应该带上我的老婆。”

1. A Letter Was Missed
   A man left for a vacation to Jamaica. His wife was on a business trip and was planning to meet him there the next day. When he reached his hotel, he decided to send his wife a quick e-mail message. Unable to find the scrap of paper on which he had written her e-mail address, he did his best to type it in from memory. Unfortunately, he missed one letter, and his note was directed instead to an elderly preacher’s wife whose husband had passed away only the day before. When the grieving widow checked her e-mail, she took one look at the monitor, let our a piercing scream, and fell to the floor dead. At the sound, her family rushed into the room and saw this note on the screen: “Dearest wife, just got checked in. Everything prepared for your arrival tomorrow. Your Loving Husband. P.S. Sure is hot down here.”

有个男子去牙买加度假。他老婆正好出差，计划第二天在当地汇合。当他到达酒店后，决定给他老婆发一封快速电子邮件。因为找不着他之前写有老婆邮件地址的纸片，他努力凭记忆输入了地址。很不幸，他漏掉了一个字母，他的留言直接发给了一个老牧师的妻子，而这位牧师前一天刚去世。当这个伤心的寡妇查收她的邮件的时候，她看了一眼显示屏，尖叫一声，倒地死在了地板上。听到她的声音，家人冲进她的房间，看到屏幕上的留言：“亲爱的妻子，我刚刚登记完。一切就绪，就等你明天到达。爱你的老公。PS：这里可真热。”

1. The Mean Man’s Party
   The notorious cheap skate finally decided to have a party. Explaining to a friend how to find his apartment, he said,”Come up to fifth floor and ring the doorbell with your elbow. When the door opened, push with your foot.”

“Why use my elbow and foot?”
“Well, gosh,” was the reply,”You’er not coming empty-handed, are you?”
一个臭名昭著的吝啬鬼终于决定要请客了。他在给一个朋友说明如何找到他的公寓时说，“上到5楼，用你的胳膊肘按门铃。门开后，用你的脚推开。”
“为什么要用我的胳膊肘和脚？”
回答道，“天哪，你总不会空着手来吧？”

在中国很多人因为担心质量问题和假货问题转而求购日本商品的人不在少数。所以，访日中国人的爆买现象不断扩大，与此同时也推动了对亚马逊日本的需求。预计2019年日本针对中国消费者的电子商务需求将增加到目前的3倍，亚马逊从这种需求中看到了商机。亚马逊日本网用中文介绍的商品达数百万种之多，而且今后还将进一步扩大。亚马逊日本还导入了新的系统，用来控制运往中国的物流费和手续费，甚至可以直接用人民币结算。在日本网站上添加中文开始于6月30日，亚马逊日本的总经理说，日本网站面向中国客户将是个很大的商机。

中国では品質や偽物を心配し日本製品を求める人が少なくない。こうした影響により訪日中国人の爆買いが広がり、同時にアマゾンジャパンといった日本のEコマースへの需要を後押しした。2019年には日本のEコマース市場に対する中国消費者の需要は現在の3倍に増加する見通しで、アマゾンはこうした需要拡大で商機を見出そうとしている。

アマゾンの日本サイトでは中国語で数百万種類の商品が紹介され、今後さらに拡大するという。さらに、中国向けに配送料や手数料を押さえたシステムを導入し、中国の通貨・人民元での決済を可能にした。

日本サイトの言語に中国語が追加されたのは6月30日で、アマゾンジャパンのジャスパー・チャン社長は、日本サイトから中国向けの販売について「大きな商機がある」と述べている。

　　记得小时候课本上有过一段《傲慢与偏见》的对白，然而我实在不记得我是什么时候读的整本书。甚至因为时间的久远，我都忘了这本书是讲什么的了。但是因为那张《*必读清单》上有这本书，我秉着先易后难的态度，就又读了一遍。怎么说呢，这次读完印象开始深刻起来了。不知道是因为这次读它的目的更深远，还是因为成长让人可以解读得更深入，反正我开始有了一些些感受和体会。
　　最近觉得对作品背景的了解极其关键，因为作品本身归根结底是为了反映时代。所以，我一直主张只有了解故事的历史、读懂故事的背景才能更好的理解故事、了解故事中的人物，进而领略和吸收故事所表达的一切。所以，在阅读这本作品之前，准确的说是阅读完清单上《百年孤独》之后，阅读清单上其他国外作品之前，我重温了一下世界史。显然这是不够的，我需要更详细地去了解一个个国家的古往今来，而不是被一笔带过甚至忽略的高度概括。我以为要很好的了解一部文学作品，对这部作品所在的时代有清晰的了解，是大有裨益的。我认为读文学作品，我们需要思考的就两点。一点是不同，有哪些不一样新鲜没听说过的。另一点是同，又有哪些是跟自己的认知苟同雷同或是相同的。然后，思考比较这些异同的利弊就可以了。而关注时代才可以帮助解释这些异同。　
　　说回《傲慢与偏见》，也没啥可震撼的。无非就是身份和地位可以决定很多东西。在我们当下的生活中不也一样么。这就是我一直都感知到的一个人所在的朋友圈就是他身份地位的写照。要想获得更好的朋友圈，你必须要先提高自己的身份和地位。